Гунин Лев : другие произведения.

Israeli Terrorism (10)

Самиздат: [Регистрация] [Найти] [Рейтинги] [Обсуждения] [Новинки] [Обзоры] [Помощь|Техвопросы]
Ссылки:
Школа кожевенного мастерства: сумки, ремни своими руками







    4.  DENIAL OR BLOCKAGE OF MEDICAL AND HUMANITARIAN HELP



            AI-index: MDE 15/143/2002     04/11/2002
            Israel and the Occupied Territories
      Shielded from scrutiny: IDF violations in Jenin and Nablus

               Amnesty International's Conclusions

                    Failure to ensure medical or humanitarian relief

                    In both Jenin and Nablus, the IDF denied medical and humanitarian relief organizations access to the affected areas –including Jenin refugee camp and the old city of Nablus – even after it was reported that the fighting had ceased. Medical relief services had no access to Jenin refugee camp for nearly 11 days, from 4-15 April 2002. From 9 April until 14 April there were up to five ICRC ambulances and doctors and about six Palestine Red Crescent Society (PRCS) ambulances waiting to be allowed to enter the camp. In the Nablus area no ambulances were allowed to move between 3 and 8 April and medical services were severely restricted until 19 April. Meanwhile Palestinians died without receiving medical attention and bodies remained decomposing where they were killed for days.

                    On 12 April 2002 the Israeli organization HaMoked, the Centre for the Defence of the Individual, petitioned the High Court to know why the Minister of Defence did not send the special rescue unit to "search for and locate all persons buried alive under the ruins in the Jenin refugee camp and rescue them." In its judgment the court stated that "Law and morality both justify the entry of the rescue unit". However the petition was rejected by the court after the Counsel for the Ministry of Defence said that "the unit will attempt to locate people". Amnesty International has received no information which would indicate that after the 14 April judgment the IDF rescue unit entered into Jenin refugee camp.

                    Under the Fourth Geneva Convention, States are obliged to respect and protect the wounded (Article 16), to allow the removal from besieged areas of the wounded or sick, and the passage of medical personnel to such areas (Article 17), and for the distribution of medical and humanitarian supplies to besieged areas (Article 55). The obstruction and targeting of medical personnel contravene the prohibition against "willfully" causing great suffering or serious injury to body or health" under Article 147 and as such are a grave breach of the Convention and are therefore war crimes.



Amnesty International On-line. http://www.amnesty.org

ai-index    MDE 15/154/2002     04/11/2002

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL
PRESS RELEASE


Blocking medical and humanitarian relief

'Atiya Hassan Abu Irmaila, 44 , was shot in the head by the IDF while in his home on 5 April. Desperate attempts by his family to call an ambulance failed. The family was even unable to leave their home to tell relatives that he had died. 'Atiya Hassan Abu Irmaila's body remained in the house for seven days.

Suna Hafez Sabreh, 35, was shot and seriously injured on 7 April while closing the door to her house. The family called an ambulance, but it failed to reach them, on at least one occasion because it had come under fire. An ambulance finally arrived two days later, after Suna Hafez Sabreh's condition had seriously deteriorated. She has since had five operations.

In both Jenin and Nablus, the IDF denied medical and humanitarian relief organizations access to the affected areas even after the fighting had stopped.

The IDF blocked medical aid for days; in addition they shot at ambulances or fired warning shots around them. Ambulance drivers were harassed or arrested. Meanwhile, the wounded lay for hours untended or were treated in homes, and the dead remained in the street or in houses for days. In several cases, people reportedly died in circumstances where lack of access to medical care may have caused or hastened their death.


Access to essential supplies

                    Residents of Jenin town and refugee camp reported to Amnesty International delegates their increasing fear as stocks of food and water diminished. The delegates in the town between 15 and 17 April witnessed the trauma of families who had spent the previous two weeks confined to their houses, with water and electricity cut off for most of the period.

                    The electricity supply was cut in the city on 3 April 2002; in most places service was restored within four to 10 days but, according to UNRWA, it was not until 25 April that even a partial electricity supply was restored to the lower part of the refugee camp. In an interview with Amnesty International, the head of electricity services for the Jenin City Municipality provided a detailed log of service interruptions as well as a report of damage assessment by engineers. Several of the main feeders had been, in his view, targeted and repair crews had been subjected to IDF gunfire when they attempted to repair damaged cables.

                    Water supplies were also cut by the IDF and, in addition, many of the water storage tanks on the tops of houses were damaged by IDF fire; in some places the water supply was not restored for 20 days. The Director of the Water Sector for Jenin city told Amnesty International delegates that in one pumping station supplying Jenin city and the western villages the pumps were inoperable; damage to the network was extensive and "mainlines from the reservoirs or pumping stations were cut intentionally by bulldozers or indirectly through heavy tank traffic. Seven of 11 booster pumps [which help water reach high areas] were hit or destroyed by heavy machine gun fire or tanks. Damage to the network inside the refugee camp was beyond repair." On 5 April the IDF occupied one pumping station and dismissed the operator for four days. Camp residents and those living in the upper areas of the town remained without water for up to three weeks; UNRWA reports that water points to the camp were not restored until 28 April.

                    The IDF Head of Plans and Policy Directorate told Amnesty International delegates that there was no policy to cut either electricity or water and said that Palestinians used water pipes to make bombs. However, between March and May 2002 Amnesty International's delegates inspected damaged electric feeders and water pipes in many Palestinian towns and refugee camps. They concluded that damage to electricity cables and water pipes was deliberate and widespread.

                    The prolonged curfew made it impossible for those in Jenin city or the refugee camp to obtain alternative water supplies, except during the period in which curfews were lifted. Humanitarian relief services were unable to provide water, medical or food supplies until 17 April 2002. Most houses had reserves of food; residents had suffered previous incursions and periods of curfew and laid in supplies of rice, lentils, beans, as well as storing water in bottles or buckets within their homes. Fresh milk and water and fresh food were unavailable. Hospitals reported six cases within Jenin refugee camp of children with complications resulting from drinking wastewater. Hospitals had their own generators but services were affected by water and food shortages; for days Jenin City Hospital patients and staff lived mainly on biscuits.


                    Blocking medical and humanitarian relief

                    Medical relief services were denied access to Jenin refugee camp for nearly 11 days, from 12 noon on 4 April until 15 April 2002. In addition the IDF shot at ambulances(10) or fired warning shots around them. Ambulance drivers were harassed or arrested. Meanwhile the dead in Jenin refugee camp remained in the street or in houses for days. The wounded lay for hours untended or were treated at home. In several cases people are reported to have died in circumstances where lack of access medical care may have caused or hastened their death. Many testimonies show families desperately telephoning for help in vain and compelled to stay alone with dying or dead relatives. Many cases of Palestinians killed by the IDF show the difficulty or impossibility of obtaining medical care or an ambulance to remove the dead; three such cases – of 'Atiya Abu Irmaila, Nayef Qasem 'Abd al-Jaber and 'Amid 'Azmi Abu Hassan Fayed – are described below. In two cases investigated by Amnesty International the delay in obtaining medical
treatment will have long term medical consequences for patients.

                    Medical personnel said that for the first 30 hours of the incursion, from early morning on 3 April until noon on 4 April 2002, ambulances were able to move. During this time ambulances brought five dead bodies and about 45 wounded to Jenin City Hospital. Among the first Palestinians killed was a 27-year-old nurse, Fadwa Fathi Abdallah Jamal, wearing her uniform, shot by the IDF as she walked early in the morning of 3 April with her sister, also a nurse, to go to a medical centre in the refugee camp.

                    From 12 noon on 4 April 2002 the IDF imposed a medical blockade and prevented ambulances from entering the camp. Jenin City Hospital was surrounded by tanks and the building opposite the hospital was used as an IDF base. All those in the hospital at noon on 4 April were confined there: the visitors, the staff and the sick - about 300 people: 100 medical personnel, 105 patients, and their relatives. For some days they lived largely on biscuits, chocolate and water. On 4 April the ICRC was prevented from delivering oxygen to the hospital, which was running out of supplies, but the deliveries were allowed the following day. The ICRC also delivered drugs, blood and food. By 5 April the hospital had received six dead bodies (increasing to seven when one wounded man died the next day in hospital), its morgue large enough for only one body. IDF authorization was sought to bury the bodies in the small patch of garden behind the hospital, and this was granted on 6 April.

                    On 6 April ambulances were still denied access to Jenin refugee camp. On 7 April ICRC landcruisers carrying supplies to the Jenin City Hospital were blocked; however supplies were transferred to local ambulances and taken to the hospital. On 8 April continuing negotiations between the ICRC, the DCO and the army appeared to have brought about an agreement. The PRCS tried to send three teams with the ICRC to the refugee camp to collect the wounded. The ambulances were lengthily checked and the ambulance drivers forced to lie on the ground. Around 5pm the IDF said that three people could be brought in; the hospital should examine them but not ask them questions. The wounded men were brought to hospital blindfolded. After examining them, Dr Abu Ghali, the hospital director said that all needed urgent hospital treatment. The IDF, however, allowed only one patient to enter the hospital.

                    "This whole operation and the negotiations with the IDF and the ICRC took from 8am until 11pm and - at the end of the day - only one wounded man was admitted into the hospital" said Dr Abu Ghali.

                    Between 9 and 14 April there was a standoff, day after day, outside Jenin refugee camp, with up to five ICRC ambulances and doctors and about six PRCS ambulances waiting in vain to be allowed by the IDF to enter the camp to evacuate dead and wounded.

                    On the evening of 11 April an ICRC delegate and Dr Abu Ghali, the hospital director, were sitting in Dr Abu Ghalis office on the top floor of the hospital when two sniper bullets came through the window and hit the ceiling. They telephoned the IDF commander who reportedly apologized saying an IDF sniper had made a mistake.

                    On 14 April, three days after fighting had ended, Jenin refugee camp remained cut off from the outside world. It had been nine days since the last dead body had been brought out of the refugee camp. Only those wounded in the camp who could struggle out themselves were in hospital.

                    Meanwhile a number of petitions had been brought to the Israeli High Court of Justice. On 8 April the court, commenting on a petition which challenged the Israeli army's "prevention of access to medical treatment for the sick and wounded in Jenin and Nablus; restriction of access of medical personnel and transport to the areas; and obstruction of the right to bury the dead in a respectful manner", had stated:

                              "Although it is not possible to address the specific incidents in the petition that on their face look harsh, we have to stress that our fighting forces are obliged to apply humanitarian rules which refer to treating the injured, in the hospitals and the bodies of the dead. Wrongful use of medical teams and of hospitals and ambulances obliges the IDF to act in order to prevent such activity; however, this by itself does not allow a sweeping violation of humanitarian rules. In fact, this is also the declared position of the State. This attitude is not only required by international law, on which the petitioners are relying, but also by the values of the State of Israel as a Jewish and democratic state."(11)

                    On 14 April three petitions were heard by the High Court of Justice including a request that the ICRC and PRCS enter the camp to remove dead bodies. They had been brought by Knesset members Muhammad Barakeh and Ahmad Tibi, and by the human rights organizations Adalah and LAW. The representative of the Attorney General initially stated that the Israeli army could not permit humanitarian organizations to enter the area because some of the bodies might be booby-trapped with bombs; it then agreed to allow entry. The court dismissed the petitions but ordered that the
ICRC be allowed to accompany and assist the Israeli army in locating bodies and that the PRCS also be permitted to join them.

                    After the High Court judgment, for the first time for 11 days, ICRC and PRCS ambulances were allowed into the camp. They left at 6.30am on 15 April but were delayed by the routine IDF searches. One team was told to remain with their IDF escort; apparently the army limited their access and they found no bodies. Dr Abu Ghali accompanied the other ambulance and described the scene:

                              "I went in with my small video camera and I first saw one body. Then I saw a second body. The third body I saw was a woman of 59, lying two metres from a door, hit in the chest and head, her body was decomposed. So the IDF said: 'That is all you have. In the centre of the camp you have no survivors'. I went on. In a room of a house I found a man of 85, alone, with no water, dehydrated. I said, 'I must go further to see.' The IDF said: 'This is the only region cleared by the Israeli army, if you go further we don't guarantee you.' I walked 35 metres into the region not cleared and found 10 bodies. Five were in one house; we could not collect them, the ICRC told the IDF to bring them. I saw a lot of people looking from the windows and doors of their houses, afraid, I said 'I will bring you food. Have you anything to eat?' They said, 'Nothing'. I asked to be allowed to bring food and medication for the survivors, the IDF said: 'You have two hours in the camp'."

                    During the two hours the IDF allowed them in the camp on 15 April Palestinian and international medical and humanitarian teams were able to distribute some food, water and milk into the camp. On 16 April the IDF allowed ICRC and UNRWA personnel to enter the camp; the ICRC reported, in its daily summary: "Part of the camp looks as if it had been hit by an earthquake ... Civilians in the camp are under shock and report urgent need for medicine, water and food."

                    On 16 April Jenin City Hospital contained 15 bodies - with one more brought during the day. The High Court statement had ordered the ICRC and Israeli army to identify the bodies in accordance with the requirements of international humanitarian law. However, the entrance to the hospital was still blocked by an IDF checkpoint with tanks. Dr Abu Ghali asked the IDF to allow Professor Derrick Pounder, delegated by Amnesty International, access to the hospital to perform autopsies, but an IDF doctor who was stationed at the checkpoint told Professor Pounder: "If you were a
doctor treating people we would allow you in, but we are not interested in a forensic doctor".

                    On 16 April Professor Pounder telephoned Amnesty International's headquarters in London:

                              "There is no forensic expertise in Jenin and no one in the hospital with any forensic training. Under international humanitarian law there is a requirement to examine decomposed bodies in order to obtain evidence as to the cause of death. This is in order to elucidate the circumstances of death and also to help in identification of the body. The identification is necessary so that the family may know and bury the body and for documentation. The longer a body deteriorates the more the evidence deteriorates and the fewer hard facts there are in order to get the evidence."

                    But it was only on the following day, after the Israeli Attorney General Elyakim Rubinstein agreed that Professor Pounder should be given access, that he was able to enter Jenin City Hospital where he carried out two autopsies and three examinations. Examinations were performed on three of the five bodies found in a single house and brought in that day by the IDF; they all appeared to be combatants. The findings of the autopsies, according to Professor Pounder "gave rise to suspicion"; they were on bodies later identified as those of 'Ali Na'el Salim Muqasqas and Wadah Fathi Shalabi (see above).

                    Amnesty International delegates discussed the failure to allow access to medical aid in Jenin, Nablus and elsewhere on many occasions with members of the IDF. The Head of Plans and Policy Directorate, Major-General Giora Eiland, denied that ambulances had been prevented from entry to Jenin for more than two days, and this was only because the PRCS refused to allow their ambulances to be checked. He mentioned a number of incidents when ambulances were said to have been misused in order to carry healthy men, bodies to increase the number of alleged dead in the refugee camp, or a suicide belt.(12) He accepted there were difficulties in coordinating medical assistance with ICRC and UNRWA. "Some problems were caused by our mistakes, some difficulties were not necessary. But we gave Palestinians food, water and medication in Jenin, and even electricity. We tried to evacuate injured Palestinians."

                    Notwithstanding the remarks of Major-General Giora Eiland, the evidence of the blocking of medical and humanitarian aid to Jenin refugee camp for over 10 days is overwhelming.(13)

'Atiya Hassan Abu Irmaila

 'Atiya Abu Irmaila, aged 44, was killed on 5 April by a single IDF gunshot wound
to the head. At the time he was shot he was in his home with his wife and three
children. According to his family, he was not involved in fighting.(14) The case is an
example of the IDF's failure to distinguish between fighters and those not involved in
fighting. It also illustrates the impact of the IDF's refusal to allow the ICRC or the
PRCS to operate ambulances to collect the dead and care for the wounded.

'Atiya's wife, Hala, told Amnesty International:

"The night before Ati was killed, there were many shells that had fallen on our house so we slept in the
kitchen. The following day, at about 1pm, a tank had sent a rocket that landed between our house and
the neighbour's house. Later that afternoon, we began to assess the damage to our house. My husband
was crawling through the house. The balcony did not have any windows and faces on to the street. There
is a clear view from there to the street. I was the first to move about the house and came back and told
my husband that the windows had been blown in. In the beginning, he said he would go and see the
damage, but I convinced him not to move. We moved to the sitting room of the house. After a while, the
shooting calmed a bit and my husband decided to go and check the rest of the house. He crawled to
the next room, which is a guestroom. When he reached there, he found broken glass on the floor, so
came back to the sitting room to get his shoes. It was about 5.25pm. If you are wondering why I know
the time so precisely it is because we were just sitting and doing nothing, so I kept checking my watch.

"I could see the tanks and soldiers just opposite to my house and I could hear the helicopters. When
Ati went back to the guestroom, about two minutes or so passed and I heard him say 'Hala, Hala,
come, come.' Just before he called me, I had heard a single gunshot. I took my children and ran to
where my husband was. I entered the room and I found him standing. I asked him 'what's up, what's up?'
He intended to say something but didn't manage. I then saw him bleeding from the mouth and nose. I
ran toward him, he was slowly moving and then falling down. When he fell on the floor, I asked him
where he was injured. I had thought he was shot in the chest as I could see blood on his shirt. The
children were screaming. Ati did not speak. He looked at me one more time and then convulsed. I had a
feeling he died then.

"I went back to the sitting room with my children. I don't remember how I went back. My three children
were holding on to me crying. I tried to reach an ambulance by mobile phone. Finally, I managed to
remember my brother's number and rang him and told him Ati was injured and asked him to please call
an ambulance. I didn't tell him that I thought Ati had died. He told me he would ring and to be patient.
When I was waiting for him to call back, Ati's brother-in-law called. I told him what had happened and
asked him to phone ambulances. After a while he rang back and said that the ambulances have no
access to reach us, and told me to try and give Ati some help. I then told him that I thought Ati had
died. He told me that I was just afraid and he is probably unconscious. I told him, 'No. He is dead'.

"At this moment, I was convinced no ambulance would reach us; I started to shout for help from
neighbours. It was getting dark. I broke a window in a room that was close to one of our neighbours and
started shouting for help. One of the neighbours replied and I asked for a ladder. They could not reach
me with one, so I tried to jump from the first floor but the neighbours started shouting that it was too
high. I went back inside. My children told me that they were scared. I managed to get them to sleep and
then I used the mobile to try and call people for help. It became dark. I had no electricity. I was alone.
My brothers and sisters rang but then the battery on my mobile phone died. I had tried to use the
mobile to see when it grew dark. At this time, I remembered Ati had no blankets. I brought him some
blankets and put them over him. I then went back and stayed with my children. I didn't sleep.

"The next morning, I decided to try and reach Ati's family. I tried to jump from the balcony but didn't
manage. It was just too high. I went back into the sitting room and asked my son Muhammad, who is
seven years, if he would jump down. I tied some of my scarves together and put around his waist. I
lowered him to the ground and told him to go to his grandfather's house and to tell them that Ati was
killed. Muhammad went and reached his grandfather's house and told his grandfather and his aunt.
Together with Ati's mother, they made their way back to my house.

"It is a week I will never forget. Imagine someone you live with, you talk with and now he is just a dead
body. My children kept speaking with him as if he were alive. My four-year-old son would go to his father,
asking him things – he would say to his father that he wanted cake and milk. When the children would
fight, they would go to him.

"Ati's body remained with us for seven days. When I knew that the ambulance was not coming, I
cleaned the blood off his face. Ati's mother stayed with us and slept next to his body during the nights.
On the seventh day, when the curfew was lifted for two hours, an ambulance came and took his body.
He was buried in the East Cemetery in Jenin..

Nayef Qasem 'Abd al-Jaber and 'Amid 'Azmi Abu Hassan Fayed

On 10 April Nayef 'Abd al-Jaber (19) and 'Amid Fayed (20) were killed by helicopter machine gun fire in the al-Marah
area of Jenin city, just outside Jenin refugee camp. Just before the shooting, the two young men had been visiting the
home of their friend Muhammad Shalabi (20), with a fourth friend, Ra'ed Ahmad 'Azzam (20). Amnesty International
delegates were told that none of the young men were members of any armed group and there was no shooting from
armed Palestinians at the time. The account of the killings shows the failure of the IDF to protect the population and
highlights the near impossibility of the wounded getting access to medical help while the IDF blocked the access of
ICRC and PRCS ambulances.

Muhammad Shalabi described what he saw:

"At approximately 2.30pm on 10 April, I was together with my friends Nayef, 'Amid and Ra'ed. We
decided to leave my house as Nayef and 'Amid wanted to go home. We walked into the street just in
front of my house, about five metres, and began to hear shooting. It was from a helicopter. The shooting
lasted about 5-6 minutes. When I thought the firing had stopped, I began to look around. I saw my
neighbour open his door. He looked confused and frightened. He was looking towards where we all had
been standing before the firing began... Then I saw 'Amid lying on his stomach. I could see blood
coming from his mouth and ears. My neighbour came out and helped me carry his body into another
neighbours house. 'Amid said only, "Where are they?" We began to shout for people to call an
ambulance. 'Amid's father then came."

'Amid's father, 'Azmi Abu Hassan Fayed, had been told that a young girl, Rina Hassan, was injured, when he heard
people shouting his son's name. He ran toward the shouts and saw 'Amid lying in a pool of blood. He said:

"When I first saw 'Amid, there was blood coming from his mouth and ears, both of his legs had also
been injured. My brother, Ghassan, called a doctor and someone he knew from the municipality and
asked them to send an ambulance, a Civil Defence or municipality car. But in each case, he was told it
was impossible. Ambulances and vehicles were not safe to move. At this time, I could hear the faint
beating of 'Amid's heart. We waited about 10 or 15 minutes. I tried to do something for my son, but he
was leaving us. I could see this. When we realized that no ambulances or cars would come, together
with 6-8 other people, we decided to carry 'Amid and Rina to the hospital by foot. We put them on two
doors and my brother and the others carried him to the al-Razi hospital. I received a call shortly after to
say 'Amid died en route to hospital.

"My son is a civilian. He got shot in a civilian neighbourhood. There are no militants in this
neighbourhood and even in the camp, the battle was mostly over. The Israelis said that they didn't kill
civilians but my son was a civilian."

Ghassan Abu Hassan described the search for an ambulance using his mobile phone. Then, after waiting 10 minutes,

"We knew that ambulances could not move freely so we decided, myself and my neighbours, to carry
'Amid and Rina to the hospital. We found two metal doors and placed some wood on each and then
carried them toward al-Razi hospital.

"On the way to the hospital, we faced a tank on one of the streets, and then another tank. One of the
tanks pointed its gun at us. When we passed the tanks, we raised the bodies over our head so that they
would see we were carrying injured. When I had arrived at the house, 'Amid was breathing but when we
arrived at the hospital, I put my hand on his neck and was fairly sure he had died.

"When we first arrived at the hospital we were told to be careful as there was a sniper situated opposite
the hospital. We were told that the hospital needed oxygen but that when they tried to access it, they
were being shot at. The doctors told me, at that point, that 'Amid was dead but they needed to try and
get oxygen for Rina."

Meanwhile, Qasem 'Abd al-Jaber, Nayef's father, was still looking for his son, telephoning round the neighbourhood,
not daring to go out as tanks were outside his house. Eventually, around 4 or 5pm neighbours went out and found
Nayef dying under a car. Nayef's father was still afraid to leave his house, but his wife insisted. Qasem 'Abd al-Jaber
told Amnesty International delegates:

"We reached the place near where they found my son. They had put him on a ladder. I put my face just
near his head. He was still breathing. He was alive. I called a relative who was a doctor at al-Razi
Hospital and asked him to send an ambulance or some medical help. He told me that he could not and
that some of the ambulance staff had been arrested.

"We then lifted Nayef's body and brought him to the Shalabi family house. Someone with us who had a
mobile called another ambulance and more hospitals, but the battery on the mobile died. No one came.
I could see that my son had been shot in the left foot, right knee, right chest and in the left side of the
neck. There was also a gash in the right side of his temple. Later on, we would realize he also had an
injury to the back of his head.

"We took his body to the basement of the house. There was just my son, my wife and myself. We
waited there for eight or nine hours. We were too afraid to go outside, so we stayed. Finally, the Civil
Defence came about 2am the following day and brought him to the hospital. He remained in the
intensive care unit until his death at 8pm on 11 April."

At the al-Razi Hospital they had received the call around 5pm to say that Nayef was seriously injured and needed an
ambulance. The Director of the hospital called the PRCS and the head of Jenin City Hospital, Dr. Abu Ghali, to find the
ICRC. The Civil Defence also tried to retrieve Nayef, but their first car broke down and failed to arrive. After many hours,
a Civil Defence car succeeded in reaching Nayef Qasem 'Abd al-Jaber and returning with him.

Medical care was not only delayed or rendered impossible for those affected by the hostilities in the camp, but those
living within Jenin city were also often unable to obtain ambulance services or access to either routine or emergency
health care.




                        
        AI-index: MDE 15/143/2002     04/11/2002
            Israel and the Occupied Territories
      Shielded from scrutiny: IDF violations in Jenin and Nablus

             Amnesty International's Conclusions


                    Cutting water and electricity supplies

                    In Jenin the electricity supply was cut in the city on 3 April; in the lower refugee camp even a partial electricity supply was not restored until 25 April. The Jenin municipality claimed that main feeders had been targeted and repair crews subjected to gunfire. Water was also cut and many storage tanks on houses were damaged by IDF fire. Camp residents and those living in the upper areas remained without water for up to three weeks; UNRWA reports that water points to the camp were not restored until 28 April. In Nablus water and electricity were also cut from 3 April.

                  The cutting of water and electricity supplies constitutes collective punishment prohibited under Article 33 of the Fourth Geneva Convention.


NEXT BACK TO CONTENT



Связаться с программистом сайта.

Новые книги авторов СИ, вышедшие из печати:
О.Болдырева "Крадуш. Чужие души" М.Николаев "Вторжение на Землю"

Как попасть в этoт список

Кожевенное мастерство | Сайт "Художники" | Доска об'явлений "Книги"